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In this environment, you can configure the two datacenters as a single farm. This distributed farm topology is called a stretched farm. Stretched farms for SharePoint Server are supported. For a stretched farm architecture to work as a supported high-availability solution, the following prerequisites must be met:.
Intra-farm latency is commonly defined as the latency between the front-end web servers and the database servers. To provide fault tolerance in a stretched farm, use the standard best practice guidance to configure redundant service applications and databases. The bandwidth speed should also be in this case at least 1 gigabit per second.
The following table lists minimum hardware requirements for installing and running SharePoint Server in a multiple server farm installation. For all installation scenarios, you must have sufficient hard disk space for the base installation and sufficient space for diagnostics such as logging, debugging, creating memory dumps, and so on.
For production use, you must also have additional free disk space for day-to-day operations. In addition, maintain two times as much free space as you have RAM for production environments. For information about how to plan for a server deployment, see Planning for a MinRole server deployment in SharePoint Server The SharePoint prerequisite installer does not install this update for you.
SharePoint Server requires a minimum Active Directory domain and forest functional level of Windows Server native. SharePoint Server does not support single label domain names. For more information, see Information about configuring Windows for domains with single-label DNS names. Ensure that you have an Internet connection because some prerequisites are installed from the Internet.
SQL Server Express is not supported. Installing the Office client and SharePoint Server on the same computer is not supported. The optional software in this section is supported but is not required to install or use SharePoint Server This software might be required by capabilities such as business intelligence. You can install most software prerequisites through the SharePoint Server Start page.
The software prerequisites are also available from websites that are listed in this section. In scenarios where installing prerequisites directly from the Internet is not possible, you can download the prerequisites and then install them from a network share. For more information, see Install prerequisites for SharePoint Server from a network share.
SharePoint Server Language Packs for SharePoint Server Windows Server R2. Windows Server Office Enterprise. NET Framework version 4. Microsoft Sync Framework Runtime v1. Security checklist item 5: Either modify an existing driver threat model or create a custom threat model for your driver.
In considering security, a common methodology is to create specific threat models that attempt to describe the types of attacks that are possible. This technique is useful when designing a driver because it forces the developer to consider the potential attack vectors against a driver in advance. Having identified potential threats, a driver developer can then consider means of defending against these threats in order to bolster the overall security of the driver component.
This article provides driver specific guidance for creating a lightweight threat model: Threat modeling for drivers. The article provides an example driver threat model diagram that can be used as a starting point for your driver. Security checklist item 6: Review your code and remove any known code vulnerabilities. The core activity of creating secure drivers is identifying areas in the code that need to be changed to avoid known software vulnerabilities. Many of these known software vulnerabilities deal with keeping strict track of the use of memory to avoid issues with others overwriting or otherwise comprising the memory locations that your driver uses.
The Code Validation Tools section of this article describes software tools that can be used to help locate known software vulnerabilities. Always check the sizes of the input and output buffers to ensure that the buffers can hold all the requested data. For more information, see Failure to Check the Size of Buffers. Properly initialize all output buffers with zeros before returning them to the caller.
For more information, see Failure to Initialize Output Buffers. Validate variable-length buffers. One of the primary responsibilities of a Windows driver is transferring data between user-mode applications and a system's devices.
The three methods for accessing data buffers are shown in the following table. Properly initialize output buffers. Properly validate variable-length buffers. Don't just directly return the length directly from a READ request. For example, consider a situation where the returned data from the user space indicates that there is a 4K buffer. If the driver actually should only return bytes, but instead just returns 4K in the Information field an information disclosure vulnerability has occurred.
Thus, the user app gets back the original bytes of data plus 4K bytes of whatever was in the buffer non-paged pool contents. Handle zero-length buffers correctly. Be aware that the driver is accessing the user data buffer, the user can simultaneously be accessing it.
To manage this risk, copy any parameters that need to be validated from the user data buffer to memory that is solely accessibly from kernel mode such as the stack or pool. Then once the data can not be accessed by the user application, validate and then operate on the data that was passed-in. All driver pool allocations must be in non-executable NX pool.
Using NX memory pools is inherently more secure than using executable non-paged NP pools, and provides better protection against overflow attacks. To allow drivers to support HVCI virtualization, there are additional memory requirements. Secure device objects. For more information, see Securing Device Objects. Validate device objects. For more information, see Failure to Validate Device Objects.
Consider validating values that are associated with an IRP, such as buffer addresses and lengths. Cancel operations can be difficult to code properly because they typically execute asynchronously. Problems in the code that handles cancel operations can go unnoticed for a long time, because this code is typically not executed frequently in a running system. Be sure to read and understand all of the information supplied under Canceling IRPs.
One recommended way to minimize the synchronization problems that are associated with cancel operations is to implement a cancel-safe IRP queue.
For more information, see the following articles:. DispatchCleanup Routines. Errors in Handling Cleanup and Close Operations. Use a lock or an interlocked sequence to prevent race conditions. For more information, see Errors in a Multiprocessor Environment.
Ensure that no TDI filters or LSPs are installed by the driver or associated software packages during installation or usage. Use safe string functions. For more information, see Using Safe String Functions. Use safe arithmetic functions.
For more information, see Safe Integer Library Routines. In addition to the possible vulnerabilities covered here, this article provides additional information about enhancing the security of kernel mode driver code: Creating Reliable Kernel-Mode Drivers.
Security checklist item 7: Review your driver to make sure that you are properly controlling access. Drivers must work to prevent users from inappropriately accessing a computer's devices and files. To prevent unauthorized access to devices and files, you must:. Name device objects only when necessary.
For more information, see Using Device Interfaces. A device interface serves as a symbolic link to your device stack's PDO. You should not specify an existing class GUID here. Doing so has the potential to break security settings or compatibility for other devices belonging to that class. Controlling Device Access. Controlling Device Namespace Access.
Windows security model for driver developers. The following section describes the risk hierarchy of the common SIDs used in driver code. It is important to understand that if lower privilege callers are allowed to access the kernel, code risk is increased.
In this summary diagram, the risk increases as you allow lower privilege SIDs access to your driver functionality. Following the general least privilege security principle, configure only the minimum level of access that is required for your driver to function. This function allows a driver to check access rights.
Implementing granular IOCTL security control does not replace the need to manage driver access using the techniques discussed above. HVCI uses hardware technology and virtualization to isolate the Code Integrity CI decision-making function from the rest of the operating system. When using virtualization-based security to isolate CI, the only way kernel memory can become executable is through a CI verification.
For more information about using the tool and a list of incompatible memory calls, see Evaluate HVCI driver compatibility. For more information about the related system fundamentals security test, see Device Guard - Compliance Test and Driver Compatibility with Device Guard.
Security checklist item 9: Review the following technology-specific guidance for your driver. Introduction to File Systems Security. File System Security Issues. Security Features for File Systems. Coexistence with other File System Filter Drivers.
Security checklist item Review driver inf creation and installation guidance to make sure you are following best practices. When you create the code that installs your driver, you must make sure that the installation of your device will always be performed in a secure manner. A secure device installation is one that does the following:. Creating Secure Device Installations. Using Device Installation Functions. Device and Driver Installation Advanced Topics. Security checklist item Perform peer code review, to look for issues not surfaced by the other tools and processes.
Seek out knowledgeable code reviewers to look for issues that you may have missed. A second set of eyes will often see issues that you may have overlooked. If you don't have suitable staff to review you code internally, consider engaging outside help for this purpose. Security checklist item Use the Windows partner portal to properly sign your driver for distribution. Before you release a driver package to the public, we recommend that you submit the package for certification.
For more information, see Test for performance and compatibility , Get started with the Hardware program , Hardware Dashboard Services , and Attestation signing a kernel driver for public release. Security checklist item Follow these steps to use the code analysis feature in Visual Studio to check for vulnerabilities in your driver code.
Use the code analysis feature in Visual Studio to check for security vulnerabilities in your code. For more information, see How to run Code Analysis for drivers.
For more information, see Code Analysis for drivers overview. In Visual Studio, for each project in the solution change the project properties to use the desired rule set.
In addition to using the recommenced driver rules, use the Recommended native rules rule set. View warnings in the Error List tab of the build output window in Visual Studio. Determine whether your code needs to be changed, or whether an annotation needs to be added to allow the code analysis engine to properly follow the intent of your code.
Static Driver Verifier SDV uses a set of interface rules and a model of the operating system to determine whether the driver interacts correctly with the Windows operating system. SDV finds defects in driver code that could point to potential bugs in drivers. Note that only certain types of drivers are supported by SDV. Refer to the following pages for information on the SDV tests available for the driver type you are working with.
In Visual Studio, change the build type to Release. Static Driver Verifier requires that the build type is release, not debug. Although the default rules find many common issues, consider running the more extensive All driver rules rule set as well. When SDV is complete, review any warnings in the output. The Main tab displays the total number of defects found.
Select each warning to load the SDV Report Page and examine the information associated with the possible code vulnerability. Use the report to investigate the verification result and to identify paths in your driver that fail a SDV verification. For more information, see Static Driver Verifier Report. Security checklist item Follow these steps to use BinSkim to double check that compile and build options are configured to minimize known security issues.
Use BinSkim to examine binary files to identify coding and building practices that can potentially render the binary vulnerable. BinSkim replaces the former BinScope tool. Follow these steps to validate that the security compile options are properly configured in the code that you are shipping.
Download and install the cross platform. Confirm Visual Studio is installed. There are a number of options to download BinSkim, such as a NuGet package. Run BuildAndTest. The build process creates a set of directories with the BinSkim executables.
Move to the win-x64 build output directory.
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